Fluid motor with rotary and/or rectilinear movable piston



July 12, 1960 a. A. swANsoN FLUID MOTOR WITH ROTARY AND/OR RECTILINEAR MOVABLE PISTON nos oz i4,

m loo |05 mlm IN VE NTOR ermrd f7. Srs/mysan ATTORNEY July 12, 1960 B. A. swANsoN 2,944,520

FLUID MOTOR WITH ROTARY AND/OR RECTILINEAR MOVABLE PISTON Filed Sept. 13, 1954 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 (gy. 20A 385K! sasa July 12 1960 B. A. swANsoN 2,944,520

FLUID MOTOR WITH ROTARY AND/0R RECTILINEAR MovABLE PIsToN 58/ 580 Q3 33 JNVENTUR.

erro/MEV nLUn) MoroR WITH RoTARY AND/on the enclosing compartments or enclosing cylinderY units of said cylinder member.v VEach unit of thecylinder rwith its piston unit of cylindrical y'form constitutes a coinplete engine Ivvith separate inlet and exhaustrneans for each piston unit so that the iluid pressure is admitted simultaneously to the-corresponding ends of each of the pistqns of said units during reciprocation in one direction,

and for applying'fluid pressure to 'theother :en d of'e'ach piston of each unit vvhenV reciprocating inthe' opposite direction. Thus is'provided a multiple'engine ofl a' con-V struction which readily permits the addingof 'otherunits f thereto in forming .amultiple engine, Le., one formed of Ya plurality of units but operating as a singlerengiiie'- the end surface of thepiston .most remote from the center ofthe cylindrical pieton receiving the fluid Pressure thereon incausing reciprocation.

Furthermore, more particularly myinvention and dis# 'cci/cry relate' te "croyidiag' 'Said fliiid Pfcaacfe 'racchenisrn inwhich the rate of reciprocations .may beniain- Ytained of a required predetermined magnitude pressure of the pressure liuid lremains as a constant factor waited States Patentfice i ticiil'arjob orapplication'is the 'fact'jthat equipment l special iob Patented July 12, 1960 2- 41.1@ 'at the saine time the Weight o f thecomposite piston niay'be, increased many fold in providing the necessryfoi-ce or shock ofvibration. i v

fundamental and primary object of my invention v v o and discove` s, to yprovide for reciprocating at very high f speed or'rate of reciprocation aipiston of greater mass Bernard August Swanson, 27.10 Eastern Ave., il??? if j .sie *svol fali as. is. knym to mg Sacramento, Calin using the rco :mon practice magnitude of fluid -pressure al th? i091 For eXalllPlQ by Way of illustration, and Filed Sepi- 17e, 1954i Sca Nc- 455,51? m not limit ,aus 1t ispessiuefwhee a 1 1b. piston is v n reciprocated at15,600tr ecipr'ocations per minute with a 26 clams' @Lm-ln given standard iiaia'pregsnrg mediums@ the i001, by means of,l 'invention 'and discovery to reciprocate4 a Y v of 10j lbs. ornoref'at thesame rate of recipro- My invention and discovery relate to a fluid pressure V1&5` the saine' magnitude of standardA fluid' medium medium reciprocating multiple engine, @hallada-ridad; @Y piston of 'no'g'reater diameterhavinglriln'iultiple units providing p ovver My in n and discovery will be illustrated by setstandard pressure, Y'and (h) vibration induced by a piston :ting forth a specific 'problem "confrontedv in industry. having combined two directional motions, rectilinealfaud Al'sfofsuch illustrationyvill render clear how my invenrotary, or rectilinear only. Q0 tionU overcor'rie'sfaiid Asolves a definite problem: ln the More particularly my invention and discoveryrelate to manufacture of Concrete pipe of large diameter such as 6 providing for said features in a combined engine, or. for ieejt, `and"3l), `fee't' long and weighing `appr'o xirnat elyY 12 `an` engine characterized by employing one unit of'said 193.gif is necessary to` provide a given density for 'the multiple engine, or for qne'engine having a piston cfxinc're'te,` i.e'.,"fo r the removal of entrapped air, and such combined two directional motions', rectilinear and' rotary. 25 re fatterv respecting which legal requirements Standard air 'compressor. equipment iscoinmpnly de- `li`a d. One 'jurisdiction requires that the signed to supply fluid pressure atf'90 'to 1 1 0 altillo atry yrriekhan ni attached Vto the'forins 'in which 'the tool and this `pressure may .not provide the magnitude ico creteispurfed inus'tbe'subjected to a vibration at the of shock or force of vibration at required high fregilenoy rate'of riotless than 10,000 reciprocations or vibrations in reciprocating piston devices. Morevoverz` sortie Vibrao per'miiiute' and"t' hisvvitli'a'vveiglit of vibratory member tion requirements: are best served by a typefoi?rectiliue'fr` sncien't'to do the job required. 4'Tov'suppl'y the ynecessary vibration and others by vibration :induced by unbalanced 'fierce for'itlie'blovrf or sho k ef vibratioiifa'certain weight rotary motion. The fundamental-object of'fay invention gfpisiqa mast be ellipiyted.. t ThisY gives/rise t@ theipmband discovery is to provide'aii engine Whieli I neetsk1 ese lern Of'stllpply'n'g suchif'orce otvibration'with the fluid requirements as Well as those further hel ,35 lpressure ydelivered at the tool yunder a pressure of. about I will now proceed to set'fortli each'of theseufeatllres, standard 9 Q pounds of air. vSuchr being the normal or taking them up separately in order that the Vinvention and ordinary 'pressure 'Qf the 'Huid medium" ivolyes a limitadiscovery may be the better understood. 'Howeven let it i911 'as t9 .fh'maximum Wightrgf the vibratfy member be deiinitely noted that the various features may be comthat canvbe moved A'under suchmagnitude of pressure. bined in a single engine in obtaining'the optimum advan- 40 'The object of my invention is to provide a fluid prestages of my invention or they may bek employed singly lsure medium reciprocating mechanism that will operate in an engine. f a'piston at vthe required speed of lrecip'rocation and of Particularly my invention and diS9V9fY ea'f?. l0 a iichvei ht astoieiip'plyl themagnitde of. shock or force iluidpressure medium reciprocating pistonengine opeiiinfelec'tIing or accmp' 'ng the desired' job, ,and in so ating in all fields Where iluid"'pressre" reeip'rocatory 4.5 doing c'peratng With'tlie standard 90. pound'air pressure mechanisms are operated'charac'terized' having acorn- Ys'ii'p'plied' vat thetool.' The' attainment of this result is an vposite cylinder member formed'of af'pluralityiof 'indiac 'Y Inplisflledmfafct 'by a mechanism lembodying my invidual compartments or cylinder units in which member vntionaiid'discovery hereinset forth. t a composite piston member is disposedfrmed of a plural- In;H c rriployiiigl vibratory mechanism to perform the ity of piston units each of which" is Adisposed in one f ,50 variousjbs ofindustry, it is recognized that each job or app icationffor its'y most eilicient and complete perlforinance', requires a specific rate of vibration, va specific -force of vibration, and a specific type of vibration. How- Lquirenient of agiven job. The present common practice devices are therefore a compromise and are not so designed as to give the proper Vibrations for .each job or permit change in .adapting them to a ,specificv job. Ac-

gordingly, itis a primary object of my invention to. provide a vvibratory mechanism of.v such construction that it may be readily adaiaicci, to. more nearly meet' the specific requirementsY ofv a gifsetlf-iob. or application by adding Sachen'gin assemblies from parfS'Wh'cii-afeciocked as I'will' more' practically vmeet the special .requirements of Olie i Y hcccasidefaiicas thai has militare@ against prov ding vibratory best ed for'eachtp'arwhich provides the iluid pressure is very much standardized to provide a lluid pressure of 90-100 pounds at the tool. It is one of the objects of my invention to provide a vibratory mechanism which will operate upon the standard pressure of 90-110 pounds at the tool and which will meet the speciiic requirements as to rate of reciprocation, magnitude of force or shock of vibration, and type of vibration.

Also, it is a further object of my invention to provide such multiple fluid pressure medium reciprocating mechanism or engine composed of individual units which may be readily coupled together to provide the necessary increased force of vibration While maintaining the rate of vibration or reciprocation and still oper-ate on the standard 90 pound pressure of lluid medium at the tool. That is, if the engine of one cylinder is designed to operate with a one-pound piston at a given rate of vibration or reciprocation with air pressure at the tool of 90 pounds, then if increased weight of piston for increased shock or power of vibration is desired, my invention provides for coupling together other motor assemblies or units with one-pound piston units until the desired total weight of piston is provided, still maintaining the same rate of vibration and the same fluid pressure as employed in the original engine of one cylinder. In short, it is an object of my invention and discovery to provide said reciprocating multiple engine of a character which is formed of units which may be stocked and assembled in various combinations to provide a reciprocating mechanism adapted to supply a delinite rate of reciprocation,

a definite force of blow or shock (i.e., one having a piston t of necessary weight), and a delinite length of stroke, type of vibration, and speed, operating on the usual ordinary standard 90-lb. pressure of fluid medium at the tool. Thus, such a fluid pressure mechanism of my invention and discovery is one which can have parts replaced readily and one which is readily adaptable to many variable requirements or demands, the same being capable of being assembled from units carried in stock.

It is a further object of my invention and discovery to provide a multiple lluid pressure mechanism having a piston which creates vibrations induced by a reciprocatory motion combined with a rotary motion. Such an engine or unit may be substituted in the disclosure of the preceding paragraph.

It is academic that various applications of uid pressure medium devices or engines require a ldifferent type of vibration as Well as a dilerent rate of vibration and also a different `force of vibration. The multiple fluid pressure engine of my invention and discovery renders it possible to provide a delinite mechanism to meet all all these requirements and still employ and operate upon standard 90-lb. pressure medium at the tool. By having the mechanism of a composite character and assembly of units both as to cylinder and as to piston, it is possible to adapt or adjust the device to meet the requirements of `a particular application. The providing for the multiple unit makes it possible for ready assembling of the structure upon mechanism previously employed as well as to provide for meeting a new type of vibration or an increased force of vibration. Such new type of vibration may be one involving a short or long stroke of the piston or involving a type of vibration supplied by an unbalanced operation of piston-both reciprocatory and rotary. Let it be noted that this matter of type of vibration is one o-f wide scope, and proceeds into a field of deep scientific research and study. Just how high speed and other conditions of vibration operate to provide eliiciency is not fully understood. The type of vibration -is one of fundamental importance and positively must be considered in meeting and solving the requirements of some particular applications.

A very important feature of my invention and discovl ery in Providing for the proper type of vibration relates to the providing of a pistonwhich creates vibrations in- 4 I duced by two directional motions, one by reason of the rectilinear reciprocating motion of the piston land the other by reason of a rotary motion of the piston which may be weighted on one side in providing -an unbalanced rotation and therefore incident to a rotary motion. The compressed fluid is received or strikes the piston tangentially or at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the piston, thereby imparting a jet or turbine-like action which causes the piston to revolve upon its longitudinal am's at ya desired speed while at the same time it is reciprocating in meeting the requirements of a particular job. This double motion has particular application in vibrators as well as in various types of tools such as impact wrenches, nut runners, drills for rocks, or mining operations (cited by way of illustration and not limitation).

Manifestly, to obtain the optimum results of my invention and discovery, these various features may be combined in a single device or they may be employed separately in providing for the requirements of a specilic application. Where a heavy shock or vibration is required the multiple engine may be used; likewise, where a vibrator providing particularly for the two types of motion is'required then the rotary form of my invention may be. employed. Where a heavy shock or great torce of the two types of motion is required, then these may be combined in a single engine as herein disclosed in order to provide for the benelts of my invention fully.

The above-mentioned general objects of my invention, together with others inherent in the same, are attained by the mechanism illustrated in the accompanying drawings, the same being preferred exemplary forms of the embodiment of my invention throughout which drawings like reference numerals indicate like parts:

Figure l is a view in longitudinal section of an engine embodying my invention and discovery wherein a twin compartment or composite cylinder member having two cylinder units is shown with a composite two-unit smooth piston member, each of which piston units is separately disposed in one of said compartments or cylinder units, each of which cylinder units has its individual pressure means as -vvell as its separate exhaust means and each piston unit has its own separate inlet-exhaust porting means;

Fig. 2 is a view in longitudinal section of a single unit smooth surface piston of my invention adapted to be assembled in a composite member involving a plurality of such units as well as to be employed as a single unit;

Fig. 3 is a View in longitudinal section of a single unit hill and valley type of piston of my invention adapted to be -assembled in a composite member involving a plurality of such units as well as to be employed as a single unit;

Fig. 4 is a View in longitudinal section with parts in elevation of a multiple engine formed of a plurality of units embodying my invention and discovery, a composite cylinder of four cylinder units with a composite piston or four piston units, each of which is disposed in one of said cylinder units being shown;

Fig. 5 is a view in cross-section on dotted `line 5 5 of Figure l;

Fig. 6 is a view in longitudinal section of a modified form of the multiple engine of my invention and discovery showing the composite piston member formed of a plurality of piston units integrallyvormed as one integral unitary structure;

Fig. 7`is a view in expanded perspective of 4a compartment separator wall for the modified construction of Figure 6;

Fig. 8 is a View in longitudinal section of a modified form of the piston member formed of individual units of the-cap screw type;

Fig. 9 is a view in longitudinal section of `a stillfurther modiedyform of piston member showing piston units of still another modified form held together by cap screws;

of fa liuid 'pressure y c @cembinngfthevfeamee ver mutupie 'acties and annule Linder -ehainber 16 iandlpassageway f'lsfextendigltfend ging. L is a Yview in iqngitudimi Seesen ef'ampainge mmf ef an finrtrexuusfperf 'ef investies anni as leran"aren-ate''pocket tne' dispose afa iight angie' lfoltion in the -form of -Ja'slotxtending' straight across'at i' right angles 'to the axis ofthe gpstoh, flthe lateral walls beingparallel; Y i* 'i ig; l`3 :is a view 'in cross isection fonline Figilg; i fr",. 1.

Fig. 14 is a view in side elevation of Lafur'th'eli'modiied iformof :an inlet-exhaust of 'my invention" of an :enlarged cylindrical Y'form slightly .less iiii fdiamet'er'lthn vthe width of the'finlt Gand'eqchaust 'channels of lthe cylinder; ..Y I.

Fig. `15 `is review Vin :cross 'section fonline 154-15 :of Fig. 14; .Y

Fig. :16 is a view in longitudinal fsection of another "modified form 'of an :inlet-'exhaust portwof mynvent-io,

zthe-'ivall on` one side fwhichiissstraightiand ,radially v disposed with' respectto the Vlongitudinal iof .the"

.piston and the 'opposite v vall isbevled .or inclined with respect to v--the radial wall rand of a :semi-conical form, Vthe parts of vsaid form being 'arranged with their "tapered walls yinclined downwardly 'toward their .respective end c form similar to lthat of Fig. I6 .1inv which l'the tapered,

semi-conical form walls are arranged with respect to each :other :with said tapered walls disposed lupwardly in- Y v:auilvalley lfomn, and onzthe other n'd of the V.piston `inletexhaust ports of `the turbine-like p'oclretifrm; and

f :3-3 -is aviewnin' 'longitudinal section of a modiiied forni'fof my invention anddiscovery embodying two dire'ctional motions withv "piston having in -zeach end 'por-v ition inlet-exhaust 'ports :disposed in a channel fof 'the [hill and valley fom, and pockets @of turbine-'like lform disposed intermediate (longitudinally lconsidered) said :rst-

clined toward vtheir. respective `end portions fof ethe'piston; 1`

Fig. 20 is a view in longitudinal of l'a lmoniiedv form of 'a multiple engine rof-:my yinvention with 2the1pistQn units disposed radially Vand circularly .aboutthe longitudi- -nal taxis of the engined i Eig. 2'1 isa View in elevation `vuitlleparts 4broken away -Ofsaid modified yform 0f Fig- 20.; f Y,

Eig. 2 2 is a fvewiiu Cross section taken l..substantially on broken line 22.--22'Qf Fig. 2Q; Y f l Eig. 23 is a detached, edge view Qffamodied form .0f piston connector `plate having 'e head jfor delivery/,1'of hammerblows; o x- AFig- -24 a .view in longitudinal section 0f :the cylin- -der and piston of a -modii'ed form oi invention p1-,o-A

Y'iding two directional mations., rectilinear and frotar-y;

Eig. l25 is a view in cross sectionon brokenline 2h25 0f Fig. 24 through a Set ofinlet modified form of my invention similar .to that Aof Fig. V27

with the ,piston mounting vI nueaus comprising lstub extending axially part way through the piston;

Fs- 29 is. a yView in longitudinal Section of a 'modified form of vmy,invention with fthe ,piston shaft :xedly mounted and extending axially. through the pistonthe .piston being longitudinally and rotatably mounted Lon said shaft;

' Fig. is a'vvievvin longitudinal :section of 'afmodiied "ginel 4'enrbty'ing `iiivel'itiou EIn the lform *of the multiple iengine :of :Figurefl acom- 'tposite cylinder vrnemlaenl() :is `shown having cylinder sec- Itions'ZIand 22 .forming individual cylinder'llrlits or Vcompartment's 23 arfd 24 formed-by separator'compartment WallZ'S. Eacho'f lthe compartments n23 and VZrlvhas its inlet id vpressure 'channel vZ6iand.'2.7,and"these respec- Itivel-y have theirpassageways`i28 and :29 communicating withla source ofiluid pressure medium which may "be -a"`single'cmn1on source or reservoir Knot fshownl) lor separate sources Ior'reser-voirs ribut preferably of `the same u'id medium pressure; however, they are l.not required to beof-the :same pressure. Bach'cbmpartmentl and `24also has its pairof exhaust cliannels30 Iandl, and 32 and3'3. vSai'cleuhaus't channels '3`0 andfi, and 32'and 33 lare spaced `on feaeh'side' fthe vinlet 4channels 26 and -27 inconformity with'fthe'kfprtingv .of 'thc-,piston to be fasso- -`ciatedtherewith. Said 'eiihust 'channelsSL 31,132and 533` hav'e'exha'ust 'passageways "34, 315; 36 fand u37 respecbolts having securing nuts 52 fon theieiids 'of `each of 'said bolts." Sep'arator'compartment Wall 25 has an opening 53in 'which vopeningv is'slidably mounted fa' spacer-aligning sleeve `54. v

A composite piston member 60 formed of the two piston units 61 and 62 mounted and enclosed respectively `in compartments 23 and 2 4, said piston uni-ts '61 and '62 fbeing of theV srrioothcircumferential'face `type7(s`moot-h and "continuous face 4from -end to end being'only inter rupted by ports) preferably lraving on their end vfaces recesses 63, 64, 65 and 66 respectively. The end portions of spacer-aligning sleeve '54 tightly lits in the lrecess `6 4 of the piston unit 61, vand recess 65 offpiston unit 62. A

pistonv unit uniting ybolt 67 feXtends through-the spacerc v'may' be employed. Said `spacer-aligning sleeve 54 is mour'itevd'iolnv pistonV bolt 67. iiston -111'1`i-'t"'6 1 has `inletexhaust ports 72 and 73, which ports have passageway/s 74 and 75--12av'agewfuY 74 extenties t@ 'sat1 120mm 1y1- portion cylinder chamber 77, i.e., each passageway eX- tends to that end face of the piston most remote from its inlet-exhaust port.

Likewise, piston unit 62 has inlet-exhaust ports 78 and 79 and passageways 80 and 81 respectively extending to Y end portion cylinder chamber 82 and lto end portion cylinder chamber 83, all of which construction for piston unit 62 is identical to that of piston unit 61.

In Fig. 2 is shown a structure which may operate as a cylinder member and a piston member or as a cylinder unit and a piston unit to be combined with like units in forming a composite structure both as to cylinder and as to piston. For purposes of description the term cylinder member has been used as applied to the overall composite cylinder structure formed of individual cylinder'units. Likewise, the term piston member or composite piston member has been used as applied to the entire piston unitary structure formed of piston units. In Fig. 2, if the structure 4there shown is to be employed as a single member then the cylinder portion becomes a cylinder member. When it is to be used as a subcombination to be applied with other like structures, then it becomes a unit having a cylinder unit and a piston unit. Cylinder section 100 has the inlet fluid pressure channel 101 which in turn has passageway 102 communicating with a source of fluid pressure medium (not shown). On each side of inlet-channel 101 are disposed exhaust channels 103 and 104 in conformity with the porting of the piston to be associated therewith. These channels have passageways 105 and 106 leading from such channels for exhausting purposes. End members 107 and 10S preferably have annular recesses 111 and 112 for recessing the end portions of cylinder section 100 thereby providing for air tightness. End members 107 and 10S have openings 113 disposed in corners of the end members after the manner shown'in Fig. 5 for the end members 3S and 39 of the multiple engine shown in Figure 1. Through these openings 113 are disposed bolts 114 having heads 115 and threaded securing nuts 116. Thus is formed a single compartment cylinder demountable and of a character to be united with other like cylinder section units to form a composite cylinder.

Within the cylinder chamber formed as above set forth is disposed and enclosed the piston structure 120 of the circumferential smooth face type having inlet-exhaust ports 121 and 122 having passageways 123 and 124 within the piston structure, each passageway leading to the piston face of that end of the piston most remote from said inletexhaust ports. Moreover, said piston structure preferably has an axially longitudinally disposed opening or hole 125 which opens into axially disposed recesses 126 and 127 disposed in each end portion of the piston structure. In said opening and said recesses is provided a removable filler member which may be various forms but, as shown, a bolt 128 secured in place by nut 129. When a piston structure of Fig. 2 is combined with other like structures, then the filler members 128 and 129 are removed and a piston bolt similar 10,67 of Figure l would be caused to extend through hole 125 and a spacer member 54 would be mounted thereon as in Figure 1. The demountable structure shown in Fig. 2 may be employed as an individual vibrating member or it may be combined with other like units as shown in Figure l to form a composite or multiple engine mechanism in providing increased power or force of vibration by means of an increased weight of piston without requiring increased fluid medium pressure and without alteration of the required rate of vibration. The piston 120 is preferably provided wi-th a starter orifice 120a having longitudinal passageway 1201?.

In Fig. 3 the cylinder structure is identical in all respects with that shown in Fig. 2 so that the same numbers are applied to each and all of the parts. Fig. 3 departs v from the structure shown in Fig. 2 as respects the piston structure whichis of the hill and valley type. Grooves `partments or cylinder units.

or channel ways 130 and 131 Iare cut in each end portion thereby providing for end lugs with a median lug `between said channels, the said piston has inlet-exhaust lports 132 and 133 having passageways 134 and 135 respectively communicating with the end faces of the piston structure, each of said inlet-exhaust ports communicating with that end of the piston nrost remote.

' 'The demountable structure of Fig. 3 may be employed as a single and independent vibrating mechanism or it may be combined with other like structures to form a composite multiple engine. In so doing, the piston structure 120 shown as a solid unit would be provided with an axial `opening similar to 125 and with recesses 126 and 127 of Fig. 2 to receive a bolt such as l67 of Figure'l and a .spacer member 54.

Vinlet channel has passageway I158. Each of said cylinder sections has a pair of exhaust channels 159 and 160, ie., one of said channels being disposed on each side of said inlet channel `158 and each of said exhaust channels hav ing exhaust passageways respectively 161 and 162. End plate 163 closes the end of compartment l150the opposite end plate being omitted showing that other like cylinder section units may be added as may be desired. The cylinder sections are held together by bolts 164 which arebroken olf at 165 to show that these may continue on for the adding of other cylinder sections or units.

Within 'the composite cylinder thus constructed is mounted and enclosed a composite piston member formed vof piston units 170, 171, 172 and 173. Each of these units has an inlet-exhaust port 174 and 175, and each of these inlet-exhaust ports has a passageway 176 and i177l respectively leading to the end face of the piston which face is most remote from the inlet-exhaust port respectively. Each of said separator compartment -walls 154, and y156 is provided with an axial opening or hole 178 in which opening is slidably mounted an aligner spacer member 179. Each of said piston units has an axialopening or hole 180 opening into recesses 181 and 182 in which-the end portions of spacer members 179 are ltightly tittingly received. A uniting piston bolt 183 extends through each of the openings 180 of the piston units thereby providing for the securing ofall of said units into a unitary composite structure or piston member. The piston bolt i183 is shown broken oli at 184 indicating that this may be extended in joining other like units in forming a multiple engine having more than the four piston units illustrated in Fig. 4 of my invention and discovery. Y

The mechanism described and shown in Figs. 1-5 is especially adapted for use as a vibrator mechanism but may be readily adapted for use as a hammer and other tools as shown in the modied form of the device as shown in Fig. 6 and the disclosure relative thereto as next set forth below. Y

In the modified form of the device shown in Fig. 6, the multiple engine of my invention and discovery is especially adapted to use as a hammer type of fluid pressure operated engine and has the composite cylinder y200 constructed of cylinder sections or units 201, 202, 203 and 204, each of which is provided with inlet uid pressure medium channels 205, 206, 207, and 208, having passageways 209, 210, 211 and 212 respectively preferably located midway of each section. On each side of said inlet channels are exhaust channels 213 and 214, 215 and 216 disposed in conformity with the Vporting of the piston to be associated therewith, said exhaust channels held in place by bolts'232` extending",r through "held BY aufs` 23S-arranged after the manner Shown, iFig' 5, forbnsis, 49, so andsr.

V'Within Athe cylinder 'member is disposed and enclosed 'a composite piston meinber 24 0` formed of'pist'xiinits 241, 242, .24,3 and 2,44 each f A:Whilc'll is'tlisppsfed "fg vsr've'ctiv'ely in cylinder' icoinpartrrientsj `223, 224', v225f'ai1ijl 22s 11.1 this ardire@ form if my. inventan and discovers the Said Compositepistfm ifs formadas a asle solid integral struct'ure,'the"sarne being' cast "asa "`t. The vseparator compartment walls 227,228ffand229 are formed each case of two'nieinbers'245 1246," '7. 'Ihisditvided wristrctionfor'the seprat `Walls isy required by reason 'of the vfact th` th aline, 'il-prmthe sprfcoiinetr and 24.9 of f1.1" piston. member, the said m mi 24.6,. lafY a: stablvim e'rf" lare in riads Oaks.' This construction particularl 1' sannita "Inril drlivinsfrock'dr'll,

tje' breakers,A such'a sturdy const'rlicti 11 is (f oe e f'variety of applications byjwia hange in d tin ofvwhich have heads 275 yand ,threaded end portions '276,'

while piston unit 274 is offthe` nut type threadledly Inouted on the threaded end portion of piston -lllnit`..273. The -stem- `part 277 of piston -units 271y `272 273 fnction as lspacer means SaidPSfO rsspsstiveli with Passager/ars 280 and 2&1 Whh lead t0 that' end face of each .piston nuit rnlost Yremote fr rnits inlet-exhaust port precisely as set forth in .the piston units described in Figure l. Aliso, a starter orifice 2&2

o said piston units271, 272,273; and-27d, said starter Qriiceopsratng as other Such orifices as previously @et s .regal herein.

non by separator compartment walls 227:; 22,0v Y Said cylinder member having end merbers'ZSll and '231 to. "a like o for the Pisten units! Escl? ai, n units have inlet-exhaust portsI 278 'and 279"y with Aits passageway 283: is preferably proyided Yfor 4each Vatlgl ,3914 .17@

igetlierr'inI-niultiple fashion, ile., another of the piston ,nsaibsrs which may! be Qf twoY Qf'mrelpifn Piton ts 29,1 'and 292, each have exhaustil'et fprts s p y'linitgas described for Figure l.Y

` tive' 'the modified `form off inlet-exhaust 'ports "Figs, 'l0 and'll: Thecylinder 301 hasthe inel Piston 303 has two'sets of inletexliaust and 305, 'each-set asshown havingthreeports,

ifs 130l 'itflniiili'ports are` eachinthe form of an arcuate parallel- VVirfalled cavity or pocket. These ports are disposed -in a iriilg 'in the c'ircuinferential Vportionol the piston, the plaire of Wliiclicircle is normal to the Iaxis of the piston.

yextends' cross-sectionally"ofy the longitudinal of w v pisffonvvvith parallel side 'walls 306 and 306i: 'rniunicates with the longitudinal 'passageways307 spectively." Thus, -is provided an inlet-exhaust tma rt of a uid hiledium" When`the piston is vin resaidpOCKet is'in registration withthe el 302` `of the cylinder 301. Such'oi'm erablycut with a circularsaw or keywa'y litter w 16h cases'the Lbottom wausos of the'cavit-y Vaf' pocket 304 `and 305' to b e cured (Fig. 11.),"ar1d Qiirying' facilitates the' passing yof lthe `iluid medium.`

`ormpf'this' pocket 304,` or 305 provides for a hornpre 'ed uid toxbe received Yfromthe inlet 4guzir brief -ijnstantV ottime. This rormcf "extended -arciiate opening in the piston which 'eeipfrcationwith a portion Aof the 'inlet the cylinder V30,1"` and thus 'isiprovided `fo`r ception of 'avolume of compressed iiui'd .this

f; u r from the inletF channel 302.' This form cooperates rripr'odiicing a higherf'rate-of reciprocation 1n Fig. 9 is animated a stm further modified si@ a ,Campsite piston member 29,0, farmed oftwoniston' and 292 sf. which Pistonlatzl is af-lthe unit 291` by Inieans'of cap screws`x293- andr 294;",y

illustrates `anothcrwvay of securingY the piston initsmti @hasta Y j' either the inlet r'thel exhaust Y75 s comparison toi the 'straight-hole type f inlet-@d portin'the s'rnoothv piston Aas shown in Figure l. The

0. OQmpressed -air received in the port o r pocket pVA ce'ei tozgipand after the reciprocation the piston has c.' t oi. registration with the fluid inlet' channel "Likewise, rrpon exhausting of the compressed flu'id'such rn has fan opportunity to exhaust Vfaster than where .the port-is of -a straight radial opening snbstz'tnt llyf a di'an11e-tery equal to that of the vlong'itievviaiyasl shown in Figure lf-forreXanipl."

'of "the por'tstlll' and 305 must ber greaterthan lid th off in'lctchannel 302 and exhaust channel '309 je "cylinder-'ftd "provide rnaita'irn'g reciprocation. ice "302a and passageway .S0-2b "provide `fr starti' Vhe piston if it should stop on dead'center.

Relativ'e'tov "modiied 'for'm of -inletcxhaust'port of pistlna'lU-showninPigs.,l2 and 13:

v'this'instance the inletlexhaus't port 'or pockets 311 Y -and"312"eXendstraig'ht yacross the peripheral portion of the pistr`1'7`lnd `are in the lforrn of fa'slot; having r'a'ial wallsl 313, 3 13a said pockets each lbeing" in communic tionrcspectively with its longitudinal'passageway S14- vport -312 having its longitudinal passageway 315. This V-form vof .the inlet-exhaust port providesv for an extended y area vrof the inleteexhaust' ports to be in registration -with theinlet channel of the cylindervnot shown. 7

the i let-exhaustA ,port the.

'Likewise-in this farm 0f .distance between the inner walls 313 of ports 3,11, inally considered) mustfbe ,greater kt lmay receive -under full -preseter-mined pressure -for the tool a volume 1 ausi:

l or a"relatively"sih'o'rtpiston. 'The,distaiice'b-Y `tw en he' inner radial walls 306 (longit'ndinally corikopposite direction.

`exhaust: ports are provided as shown and explained for Fig. ll (see Fig. 13). Relative the modified form of inlet-exhaust port shown in Figs. 14 and 15: Here the inlet-exhaust ports 320 and 321 communicate with longitudinal passageways 322 and 323 of the piston. Said passageways ordinarily, in this modified form, will be of ia diameter considerably smaller than the diameter or width of the inlet-exhaust port or pocket in the piston. This modified form of an enlarged cylindrical form provides for the reception of a volume of compressed liuid medium and also provides for quicker reciprocation than in the ordinary port form shown in Figure l. Duplicate sets of inlet-exhaust ports (see Fig. l) are provided as shown and explained for Fig. 10.

Relative the modified form of inlet-exhaust ports of piston 32d shown in Figs. 16 and 17: The port or pocket 325 has straight or radial walls 326 and the inclined or .tapered wall 327 of semiconical form having an apex 323 and being connected with a longitudinal passageway 329, inclined to the axis of the piston.

As in the various pistons shown and illustrated, there may be a plurality of the longitudinal passageways such `as a second passageway 330 having its inlet-exhaust port .331 which is shown with its apex 332. The inlet-exhaust gradual reception of the'uid pressure yfrom the inlet channel 334 of cylinder 335 as the apex 328 moves further and further into registration withsaid inlet channel; Iand likewise for 332 when the piston is moved in the Thus, there is a longer stroke provided -for the piston and a heavy 'blow given by the piston, thus adapting it particularly lfor tools operating after the manner of a hammer or driver.

V Relative the modified arrangement of inlet-exhaustv ports shown in Figs. 1S and 19: The inlet-exhaust ports 349 and 341 of piston 342 which are the ports shown in the longitudinal section of these gures are of the same general character as shown in Figs. 16 and 17 but are arranged in the piston in a different manner. The port y340 has the straight radial wall 343 andV the inclined tapered wall 344 of semi-conical formV communicating with longitudinal passageway 345. Exhaust port 341 has straight radial wall 346 and inclined or tapered Wall 347 of semi-conical form and said port communicates with passageway 34B. In the arrangement here shown, the beveled or inclined walls 344 and 347 are sloped upwardly toward their respective end portio'ns of the piston, thus bringing the straight radial walls inwardly disposed. This arrangement of the inlet-exhaust ports provides for a very sudden reception of a volume of inlet pressure fluid medium when the piston in its yreciprocatio`n moves the straight wall into registration with the inlet channel 349 of the cylinder 356. The semi-conical curved wall facilitates to a high degree the passing of the inlet fluid to the respective longitudinal passageways 345 and 348 or" the inlet-exhaust ports of this modified form and arrangement. This form of the port 340 and arrangement of said ports particularly produces a very high speed of reciprocation. y

The longitudinal passageways 329 and 330 in the modified form shown in Figs. 16 and 17 and the passageways 34S and 343 of modified forms shown in Figs. Y18 and 19 are purposely preferably designed to be inclined in order to maintain the escape of the air in a straight course as near as may be, in order to facilitate to the utmost the entry and the exhaust of the fluid mediumespecially in providing speed of reciprocation and elimination of back pressure or air restriction.

In a mechanism of the character of my invention, let it beremembered that a feature of detail which facilitates, even in what appears to be a very slight degree, is not to be considered unimportant. The invention deals with matters that are Very small magnitude so' far as time is concerned, yet every feature which facilitates the speed entry of the fluid pressure medium and the exhausting thereof is of fundamental importance for the efficient and successful operation of the machine. For example, cited by way of illustration and not limitation, the modified forms of po'rts and the inclined longitudinal passageways, separately and in combination, contribute to enabling the inlet fluid medium to enter with less friction and likewise allows, upon exhausting, the cornpressed medium to escape with less friction, and all these features separately and in combination contribute to making it possible for this mechanism to accomplish results which have not heretofore been obtained.

The shapeof the inlet-exhaust ports and the arrangement with respect one to the other provide a new functional relationship which has been found toY facilitate the providing for a degree of rate of recipro'cation necessary, and at the same time to provide for employing the fluid pressure under standard and commonly used pressure magnitudes, normally between and 110 pounds in providing a vibration of the required force or shock.

'Ihe invention herein set forth provides for employing a commonly supplied magnitude of iiuid pressure and at the same time increasing the rate of reciprocation and increasing the weight of the piston involved so as to produce a blow of the desired greater force which a particular installation may require. Thus, where the law requires, as in the case of the vibration o'f the forms for the construction of a concrete structure, the reciprocation rate of a certain magnitude to produce the necessary .vibration to remove the air within 'the concrete mix in obtaining the desired density, my invention provides for employing the standard compressor equipment for providing fluid pressure of the standard magnitude of about 90 pounds to pounds at the tool, and at the same time provides for obtaining the necessary rate or speed of reciprocation as may be required by law of a given state and the necessary force of vibration as for illustration, in concrete work, which may be required to accomplish the desired task even though the structure to be vibrated may involve to'ns of weight. Providing the necessary increase of weight and the reciprocation of thisincreased weight at the legally required speed of reciprocation of the piston to deliver the necessary force of vibration using at the same time only the standard magnitude of fluid pressure for which compressor equipment is commonly designed is the accomplishment of the engine embodying my invention and discovery.

In the modified form of a multiple engine of my invention and discovery as shown in Figs. 20, 21, 22 and 23, the plurality of composite cylinders (six in number) 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, and 385 and composite pistons 386, 387, 388, 389, 390 and 391 (shown by way of illustration and not limitation) are shown disposed in cylinder engine block 393 in a circle and radially of ythe axis 392 of the assembly. Composite cylinder 380` is formed o'f cylinder units 380e, 380i?, and 33de, and composite cylinder 383 is formed of cylinder units 38311, 38313, and 383C. Composite piston 389 is formed of piston units 389e, 389i), and 389e.

The composite cylinder 380 has a cylinder sleeve 395, cylinder unit 38021 has cylinder sleeve 396, and cylinder unit 380e has cylinder sleeve 397. Likewise, the other cylinder units are mounted in sleeves of like construction.

Between the ends of sleeve 395 and 396 is disposed a separator wall 398. Likewise, between the ends of sleeve 396 and 397 is a separator wall 399. in an axial openin g 400 in wall 398 is mounted a spacer-aligning member ,1401.

The'piston unit 402 is axially engagedon one end hy spacer-aligning member 401, and piston'403 gaged by the other endwof said spacer-aligning Vme r""401.

Likewise, pistons 403 and 404, as respects one end porapplied the force of the`composite pistonsdi'sposed I I l i .15 l Cylinder unit 3180@ hasy exhaust ports 41.1;a11d 41.2,;

each of the six engine block bores'394.

cylinderunit 380i: has exhaust ports 413'and'414; cylinder unit 380e has exhaust p`orts415 nd`416. Pistou unit 402 has circumferential inlet-exhaust channels `417fV and'418, channels 417 and 418 having respectively longitudinal passagevvaysV 41,9V and 420 leading tof Iopposite ends er thejptswn 402.V Piston manchas Santagosice 421. Piston 403 is similar to piston 402 and is? pI'ov V'vided with` inlet-exhaust channels and passageways Cylinder block 393 has axial chamber 422 and also `has "end closure plates 423 and 4 24,`the latter plate 'having an opening 425 with threaded walls for connection to "a source of fluid pressure, not shown. Said chamber 422 may have aclosure wall 426. This chamber v422 fuuctions as a reservoir of compressed uid lnrediurri prescrit yto enter promptly into thepiston units 4 0 2 and 403 as the inlet-exhaust ports 417 and 418 ofthe piston. are opened during reciprocation in registration withcylinder inlet ports or means next to be described. Y `v Through the wall 427 and sleeve'395'of .-axialchamb'er 422 is cut a circumferential channel 428. whichl'extends through sleeve 395, as may be seen in lFigs. '2( and l22, thereby providing inlet passageways through'the cylinder members to inlet-exhaust channels 417 and 418 'of the.

piston.

` Similar circumferential channels 429 and 430 are cut in the wall 427I and through the sleevee 396 and 397,

providing fluid inlet passageways to the respective pistons in the cylinder units 380b`and 380e. i

Identical construction of cylinderV units and Ypiston units is provided throughout all the engine block" boresso that the individual description of the other cylinder units' and piston units vWill not be detailed. Thefopertion'ofthe air in these units is similar to that set forth hereinabove for the inline multiple i engine units of my, inventinand discoyery c.

The exhaust channels 411 and 412, 413 and 414, 4 15 and 41,6l are radially cut circumfereritially.r in the 'engine block 393, and said channels are caused to extend '.iuwardly through the cylinder sleeves 305, 306 and 39.7, providing for the exhaust ports for the cylinder bore within said sleeves. If desired said cylinder sleeves may be omitted. Likewise, the cutting of the inletV channel through the walls 427 and through their respective sleeveS. provides for exact location and registration vof the inlet ports all of which operate to provide for a simple and economical process of manufacture of this modiiied'form` of my invention, said modilied form, it is manifest, combining all of the action and force of the various composite pistons through the connector plate 409.

This modified form of my invention is characterized by providing for the delivery of heavy hammering blows,

and in addition, said blows may be provided at high speed reciprocations; such blows are well adapted td.-

applications4 such as pile driving, large jack hammers and tampingV and vibrators.

action in a composite cylinder by means of the composite piston in maintaining or producing the desired high speed using the stiidard fluid pressure rr'lelil'lrri at the Moreover, thereare applications which involve restriction of the `area of the piston or outsideA diameter of the 'de ce. t a relatively "Small r. While'at the Same 'time theV device mustfdeliver a heavy bleu/"or 'shock at a givcnhgh freilieny.- The. Iri'lultip'le @haine Of'myfinventin Supplies the, 'answer liv 'POYidils 'a'juliale enlgifi which may be ofV the'desired length (see Figs. 4 and`6) to` give the desired shock o r blowat the desired'spee'd a relatively smalldiameter'pistou. On the other Baird. 'thereare" apaliafiors Where the ries'trififm Deftains toT the' len`gth of the device` which may heused and hriztalatea 0f the 'Comp'osfe PStQ. may be ively unrestricted. `He `re also 'my invention Vsupplies .r..(S..e. FMS-20.42211 l' l y' is follows: As stated hereinabove, different tasls 1re aparticular force of vibration and at a particuand this, atI af certain ihigh frequency speed, then, if vit vis attempted t `o increaef the,l area oftheA pistou by `increasthe diameter Ifor total pressure eect, then it titfilfbe required to reduce the length of the piston to keep'the sameV within the prescribedjweight to effect thedesired shock. v'This attempted solutiongives rise to a structural diiiculty which renders vthe solution impractical and inoperative, namely, the length of the piston'l ymayV beths so reduced, tov provide the desired diameter and piston pressure area and still keepy within the-given weight of thev piston, that the piston will not have la suicient length to guide it properly in the cylinder, particularly at high speeds.' That is, the piston will rockl or'becomeaskew in vthe' cylinder, rendering it inoperative. Theabove applies particularly' to speeds of a high frequency for a particular job to be done. In Fig. 24 a very important modified form of my invention and discovery is'illustrated-one wllereiiiv the piston'creates its effect induced by the pistonfhavin'g two directional motions, one rectilinear and one rotary.

` VTlie `'cylinder 450' may have end closure members 451 and '452, one of which if desired may be formed integrallywith said cylinder 450. The cylinder 450 preferably 'has 'circumferentially disposed exhaust channels 453 and 454:""The`se channel-s 453fand 454 prefer-ably have'a plur'falityT o'p'ced exhaust'passageways 455 and 456`re'spectively. Cylinder' 450 'also may have'J inlet "ps'sageways 457an-d 458, 4'59 and 4'60--said inlet passageways' being tangentially disposed with respect to the bore'o'f the,v cylinder `450. i

` Piston 461 has turbinelike pockets 462 and 463 disrow communicate through their bases and lpas'sagevva'ys 464 and l465 with the ends respectively of the piston most remote -from said pockets. These pockets having such communicating passageways comprise those pockets separated by three or more pockets which are not so connected. f Said passageways 464 and 465 are preferably'so disposed as to provide for the path of the' pressure ilu'id to be direct 'and without any angle or asV `little change in direction as possible in order to lfacilitate the passage of the vinlet air to the end of the piston and also for the g exhausting of the air therefrom.

tol

"The piston 461. is xedly mounted in this modified i form upona shaft-466. The end portions o-f this shaft are preferably reciprocably mounted in recesses '467 and 468 in the end members 451 and 452 in which arefbe'rings 469 and 470 respectively which are preferably -'of the sti-called Iictionles's type, and bn'which the ishaftibers.

a1 'weights "of, thepi'swn, unirn@ af fr@ Sametime.

theff'diiculty which may. invention ad discoveryY speed'to give a particular h'vibration characteristic-or g typefof vibration required for thattaslg. A Ssumin'g'that Piston 461 has a weight 471 of a material heavier than the weight of the material of the piston, said weight extending lengthwise of the piston in a narrow portion and is preferably located near the circumference. Instead of a narrow portion, as may be especially suited for high speeds, it is to be understood that the weight may occupy such area as the particular requirements dictate. The purpose of this weight is to provide an unbalanced piston thereby to create vibrations when the piston is rotated. Accordingly the weight ,of the piston may take various forms so long as the purpose of providing an unbalanced piston is achieved.

Piston 461 has, midway of its length, a Very small circumferential starting groove 472 which has a small oriiice in communication with passageway 473 which leads to one end of the piston. This is provided to act as a starting means for the piston in the event lthat the piston comes to rest at dead center, at which time said groove 472 would be in communication -With Vinlet passageways 457-469. vThis is notv the position in lwhich the starting groove is shown in Fig. 24. -In Fig. 24 the turbine-like pockets 463 are shown in registration with the inlet passageways 457-460. A small amount of fluid medium would pass to the end of the piston (i.e., chamber 474, whichforms one end portion of the cylinder) and create a pressure within the cylinder chamber 474, and would A thus move the piston into the opposite chamber 475. In

so doing it would move the turbine-like pockets 462 into registration with inlet passageways 457-460 and thus cause the piston to reciprocate. v

Simultaneously, it will be noted, the inlet passageways would discharge the fluid pressure medium in a jet-like manner into the turbine-like pockets and thereby cause the piston dei to revolve on its longitudinal yaxis, While at the same time reciprocating. Thus there would be vibrations set up by reason of the two directional motions of the piston 461. The passageways y457-46@ lare pre-ferryably of a size to cause the pressure to operate as a jet to create the utmost force against said pockets in causing the piston to revolve and to reciprocate. It will be noted that the piston 461 has its end portions cut away at 476 and 477 so as to greatly reduce the solid length of the piston at the axis, thereby greatly reducing the weigh-t. Also the end closure members 451 and `4552 are provided with projecting portions 473 Iand 479 which extend into the cut away portions in the pistons at 476 and 477 respectively thereby increasing the speed `and reducing the pressure fluid volume.

In the modiied form -which is yshown in cross-section in Fig. 26, the construction of the engine is identical to that shown in Figs. 24 fand 25 with the following exception: ln Fig. 26 cylinder 48d is provided with the plurality of regular spaced exhaust passageways 4M and 482 respectively for the exhausting of the iluid pressure medium from the chambers in the end portions of the piston just as in the structure shown in Figs. 24 `and 25. Here said cylinder 480 also has the relief exhaust passageways 483 to relieve the iluid pressure disposed in those turbinelike pockets which do not have communicating passageways with the chambers inthe end portion of the cylinder corresponding to 474 and 475 of Fig. 24. There should be at least one relief for each of the inlet passageways 434, 43S, 486 and 437. The purpose of these relief passageways 483 is to remove the fluid pressure in those turbine-like pockets which do not have communicating passageways with the end portions of the cylinder. By thus removing the compressed fluid that is er1-trapped in said turbine-like pockets, the inlet fluid is permitted to discharge its fluid pressure with jet-like force more effectively against the pockets emptied or relieved of the pressure of said compressed air, `and thus the utmost effect is secured from such jetting action. Otherwise, the entrapped air would provide a compressible body which would lessen the jetting torce. 'In other words, the rapid movement in jet-like form ofthe compressed huid over lfd i or momentarily into the poche-ts and then immediately out through the exhausts 483 provides la very eifective turning or spinning force.v

In the modied form shown in Fig. 27 the construction of the engine is identical with that shown in Figs. 24 and 25 with lthe following exception: The cylinder 490 has the regular exhaust passageways 4.9i. and 492 foi the exhausting of fluid pressure medium from the end portions of the cylinder as described for the other forms of the motor shown herein. Said cylinder 490, moreover, has inlet passageways 493, 494, 495 and 496 yall of which are disposed to discharge their lluid pressure medium tangentially into the cylinder bore against the turbine-like pockets of the piston. However, this Vmodified form of the engine has inlet channel 497 circumferentially disposed in the cylinder 49u, said channel being disposed radially and in registration with the turbine-like .pockets of the piston at one point of Ithe reciprocation of the pis-ton. Y

The turbine-like pockets have the passageways 464 and 465 leading from certain of the said turbine-like pockets to the ends of the piston so that the fair upon exhausting in this modified form of the invention exhausts from the chambers at the end of the piston when in reciprocation. The mode of operation of the channel 497 is lthat it provides :a continuous rotary pressure upon the various turbine-like pockets, thus keeping the piston rotating on its ax1s.

ln the modied form shown in Fig. 28, the construction of the engine is like that shown in the immediately preceding ilgures but diiiers in that the piston Sii@ is mounted upon two stub shafts Sol and 5%2 which in turn are mounted on or formed integrally with the end closure lmembers 563 and 594 respectively. Preferably the piston is mounted upon frictionless bearings Sil and 506 which lare secu-red in piston 500 `by lock rings 567 and 50S respectively, the piston 50@ having `a divided wall 509 which insures the separation of the end chambers of the cylinder, which is identical in construction to that in Fig. 24. In this form the piston 500 reciprocates in a rectilinear manner upon the stub shafts Stil and S02, while simultaneously revolving or spinning upon said bearings 505 and 5%, i.e., the piston yrotates about its longitudinal taxis thus providing a two-direction motion for the piston-rectilinear and rotary. in this modied form the stub shafts are stationary `and do not reciprocate.

In the modified form shown in Fig. 29 the shaft 520 is fixed-ly mounted in the end enclosure members 521 and 522 and extends throughout therlength of the device. On this llxedly mounted shaft 52h the piston 523 is mounted on frictionless bearings S`24Vand 525, located in each end of the piston, said bearings being held in position by lock rings 526 and 527. The piston 523 also has, midway of its length, lan O -ring 528 which serves to seal off the cylinder chambers in the end portions of the cylinder `and thereby keep the fluid pressure medium developed in one of said chambers from passing axially to the chamber at the other end of the cylinder.

In the modiiied form shown in Fig. 3() is illustrated the form of motor shown :in Fig. 24. However, in this inst-anceA it is mounted in a multiple engine so that the force of the one unit may be added to that of the other units, the general mounting being similar to that in the multiple engine of Fig. 4. That is, the piston construction has two mot-ions, one rectilinear and one rotary as shown in a multiple engine form.

The composite cylinder member 53d is formed of cylinder units 531 and 532, separated by separator and divider wall 534 which has an axial opening in which is located the bearing v535 through ywhich the shaft 536 extends with its end portion shown Las 4mountedin bearing S37 in end, enclosure member 538. rl`his separator divider wall is constructed in two halves in order to permit its assembly on the shaft 536; itsconstruction is similar to that of the separator divider wall shown in Fig. 7. The other end portion thefshafti'536 may besimilarlymounted but is v not shown since it -is broken avvayr,

bined force of the multiple engine.Y The shaft 536 is -illustratedrbroken away to indicate other like pistons and cylinders to 539 and 574.0 may be added. Thus a cornposite pistonmember, is formedof piston units 539 and 540 or as many as may 'be required .to give the desired force or shock. v p

The mode of operation vof this modified Kformof the turbine-like pockets and the lpas-sageways for the fluid pressure medium is all the same as indicated for Fig. 24.

The modied form shown in Fig. 31 is a very simplified form whereinthe piston 550 is shown without any mounting shaft. This is mounted in the cylinder 551 with end closures 552 and 553. Said piston 550 has turbine-like pockets andpassageways similar in all re spects to those shown in Fig. 24. In this form the piston is cylindrical, i.e., it does not have the ends cut away to reduce the weight. This form of my invention has a piston of greater weight Ythan that shown in Fig. 24 where the measurements otherwise are equal. This form of the device would be found particularly applicable as a vibrator where a vibration effect is required which vibration edect is induced by a piston havingn two motions-one rectilinear and one rotary. It is to be understood that all these pistons are provided withweights on one side to produce the unbalanced piston for use in vibrators.

In Fig. 32, the modified form is of an engine having one end of the piston 560 of the hill and valley type, with land 563, with relatively wide channel .552, inlet-exhaust ports 563, and passageways 564 connecting said ports rwith end portions 565 and56i6 of cylinder 567'. On the opposite end turbine-like pockets 568 are provided Vwith inlet-exhaust ports 5659 and passageways570 for every other of such pockets whereby rotary motion is imparted to the piston 569, as well as rectilinear motion while in reciprocation. kCylinder A567V has tangentialinlet ports yor v means S71 as in the engine shown in Fig. 24, and exhaust ports or means 572 and 573'in spaced relation on' each side thereof. Weight 574 provides an unbalanced piston in connection with the rotary motion of the piston where such unbalanced condition is required. Otherwise such weight may be omitted,

Y.In Eig 33,. the modified form ofengine hascylinder 580 withtangential inlet ports 581 as in the engine shown in Fig. 24 and exhaust portsror means 582. Piston 583 has end lands 5,84 and 5,85, with intermediate land 586, on each sideV ofv which are relatively'wide channels 587 and V583. .In channel 5 87 are inlet-exhaust portsY 589 with passageways 590. In channel 588'ar'e inlet-exhaust ports 591 with passageways 5x92. In-'the intermediate .land 586 area pluralityY of'turbine-like pockets l593r without passageways, said pockets being subject Yto blasts of inletfiuid .pressure medium upon-each=reciprocation, i.e.,

twice asoften as the ports 587 or 588. This arrangement provides a Vrotary motion for the piston-583 while in reciprocation. Weight 594 provides an unbalanced piston in connection with the rotary motion of the piston, where fsuch unbalanced Aconditionis required'. Otherwise such weight maybe omitted. Y Y

noted,` the weight forrth'e piston maybe omitted in ally of the above rotary pistons where thel unbalanced condition vis not required. In any figure where thestarting orifice and-its passagewayare not shown, it is to be'under- 18 stood that the same may be applied as inthe ligure where said starting oriiice is illustrated. f

l.l A uid pressure operated engine comprising a composite cylinder member rformed of a plurality of individually complete cylinder units, each of which units has an inlet uid pressure means, exhaust means disposed Von each side ofrsaidY inlet pressure means, and end walls for said cylinder member; a dividing-separating Wall between said units having a longitudinal axial opening therethrough; means'connecting said cylinder units, dividingseparating wall and end walls in assembled position; and

a composite piston member disposed in said composite cylindermembensad piston ,member being formed, of individually `complete piston units, each of which units Ais reciprocably disposed in one of said cylinder units which unitsare rigidly connectedv/ itlre'ach other in forming said composite piston member-each said piston unit having twoy pressure areas, one on each outermost end thereof, and each said piston'unit having a'plurality of inlet-exhaust ports periodically registrable with said inlet and exhaust means vof said cylinder units during reciprocation anddisposed in spaced relation between the ends of said piston unit and passageways within each said piston unit extending from each of said inlet-exhaust ports to that end of the piston most remote thereto.

2. A fluid pressure operated engine comprising a composite cylinder member formed of a plurality of indi-` having a longitudinally axially disposedopening'there" through, a spacer member slidably disposed in said dividing-separating wall and bearing Vagainst a portion of the end faces of the piston units, said spacer member having a longitudinally axially disposed` opening therethrough.

Y and a connector member extending through the longitudinal axial opening in said piston units and said spacer members in joining said piston units j into said composite piston member, each of said piston units having a plurality Vof inlet-exhaust ports disposed in spaced relation between vidually complete cylinder units, eachof which units has an inlet iiuid pressure means and exhaust means disposed on each side of said inlet pressure means, and'longi- Y tudinally disposed securing bolt passageways through the marginal portions of said units; end walls `for said composite cylinder member having a plurality of securing boltv holes'a'ngularl'y disposed with respect to the center.

of saidrwall and disposed in the marginal portion of said wall in registration with said securing bolt passegeways in saidc'ylinder units; securing bolts disposed in said holes of said units and said end, walls in forming said composite cylinder; a dividing-separating' wall between said 'units having a longitudinal axial opening therethrough; and acomposite piston member disposed in said composite,

cylinder member comprising a plurality of individually complete piston units each of which units is reciprocably disposed in one of saidcylinder units, Veach of said lunits having a. longitudinally axially disposed opening therethrough, each of said piston units being provided with an vaxially disposed recess concentric with the opening there through, a spacer-aligningv member slidably disposed Yin said dividing-separating wall and having' its end portionsy 19 ttingly engaging in the recesses of said piston unit, said spacer-aligning member having a longitudinally axially disposed openingtherethrough, and a connector member extending through the longitudinal axial opening in said piston units and said spacer-aligning members in joining said piston units to form said composite piston member, each of said piston units having a plurality of inletexhaust ports periodically registrable with said inlet and exhaust means of said cylinder units during reciprocation and disposed in spaced relation between the ends of said piston unit and longitudinal passageways Within said piston unit extending from each of said inlet-exhaust ports to that end of the piston most remote thereto.

4. A uid pressure operated engine comprising a composite cylinder member formed of a plurality of individually complete cylinder units each of which units has an inlet iluid pressure means, and an exhaust means disposed on each side of said inlet pressure means; end walls for said cylinder member; a dividing-separating wall between said vunits having a longitudinal axial opening therethrough; means connecting said cylinder units, dividing-separating IWall, and end walls; and a composite piston member disposed in said composite cylinder member, said composite piston member comprising individually complete piston units formed integrally with spacer portions between said piston units, each unit having two pressure areas one on each outermost end thereof, each of said units having a plurality of inlet-exhaust ports periodically registrable-With said inlet and exhaust means of said cylinder units during reciprocation and disposed in spaced relation between the ends of said piston unit and longitudinal passageways Within said piston unit extending from each of said inlet-exhaust ports to that end of the piston most remote thereto.

5. In a iluid pressure operated engine a reciprocating piston having a plurality of inlet-exhaust ports disposed in spaced relationbetween the ends of said piston unit, said ports being in the form of separate pockets extending circumferentially in the face of the piston and 1ocated in a circle the plane of which is normal to the axis of the piston, and passageways within said piston unit extending respectively to each end of the piston from a side wall of each of said inlet-exhaust pockets directly to that end ofthe piston most remote thereto at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the piston in providing for rapid iiowing of the iluid medium.

6. In a iiuid pressure operated engine a reciprocating piston unit having an axially disposed opening therethrough, and each end face provided with an axially concentric recess; a iiller member removably disposable Within said recess for operating said piston unit as a single piston and in providing a piston unit which may be assembled on an axially disposed uniting connector means with like cylindrical constructed piston units in forming an extended composite piston member; and a plurality of separate inlet-exhaust ports in said piston unit disposed in spaced relation between the ends of said piston unit and longitudinal passageways Within said piston unit extending respectively to each end of the piston from each of said inlet-exhaust ports to that end of the piston most remote thereto.

7. In a uid pressure operated engine the combination of a demountable cylinder unit and a reciprocating piston vunit disposable in said demountable cylinder unit, said piston unit having a plurality of separate inlet-exhaust ports in said piston unit disposed in spaced relation between the ends of said piston unit and passageways within said piston unit extending respectively to each end of the piston from each of said inlet-exhaust ports to that end of the piston most remote thereto.

8. In a fluid pressure operated engine a reciprocating composite piston member formed of a plurality of individually complete piston units, each unit having ian axially disposed opening therethrough, each of saidV piston units being provided with an axially disposed recess con- 20 i centric with the opening therethrough; a spacer-aligning member having-its end portions disposed in the said recesses of adjacent piston units; and a connector member disposed in said `axial opening in providing a composite piston member formed of a plurality of said piston units.

9. A lluid pressure operated engine comprising an engine block having an axial inlet uid pressure chamber extending for the major portion of the length thereof; a plurality of cylinder bores disposed radially, of the axis of said block in the circumferential portionthereof, each of said bores being provided with inlet pressure means in its central portion longitudinally considered and communicating With said inlet fluid pressure chamber bore and exhaust means communicating with the atmosphere located on each side of a radial plane through said inlet means; a piston reciprocably mounted in each of said cylinder bores having inlet-exhaust ports periodically registrable with the inlet and exhaust means of each of said cylinder bores during reciprocation, said ports being disposed between the ends thereof which ports have longitudinal passageways leading to that end of the piston most remote thereto, said piston having on one end portion a piston extension; a rst end plate ixedly mounted on one end of the engine block closing one end of each of said cylinder bores, said plate having openings in said plate registering with and each xedly receiving the extension of the said pistons; a second plate iixedly mounted on the extensions of said pistons, said plate functioning to unite the reciprocation of Said fluid pressure engine pistons; and a third plate xedly mounted on the opposite end of said engine block and closing the cylinder bores and the axial inlet pressure chamber bore, said plate having an opening registering with said inlet pressure chamber bore through which opening pressure fluid medium may be admitted from a suitable source of fluid pressure.

l0. A fluid pressure operated engine comprising an engine block having an axial inlet iiuid pressure chamber extending for the major portion of the length thereof; a plurality of cylinder bores disposed radially of the axis of said block and in the circumferential portion thereof, each of said bores being provided with inlet pressure means in itscentral portion longitudinally considered and communicating with said inlet fluid pressure chamber bores and exhaust means on each side of the radial plane through said inlet means communicating with the atmosphere; a cylindrical sleeve tittingly mounted ineach of said bores, said sleeve having inlet ports disposed in its circumferential portion registrable 'with the inlet means of ysaid engine block, and said sleeve also having exhaust ports disposed inv its circumferential portion Vref tistrable with the exhaust means of each of said engine bores; a piston reciprocably mounted in said sleeve having inletexhaust ports periodically registrable with the inlet means of each of said sleeves, said ports being disposed between the ends of said piston, which ports have longitudinal passageways leading to that end of the piston most remote from the respective said port, said piston having on one end portion a piston extension; a rst end plate tixedly mounted on one end of the engine block closing one end of each of said cylinder bores, said plate having openings in said plate registering with and each xedly receiving the extension of the respective said pistons; a second plate ixedly mounted on the respective'extension of said piston, said plate functioning to uniteY the reciprocation of said fluid pressure engine pistons; and a third plate tixedly mounted on the opposite end of said engine block and closing the cylinder bores and the axial inlet pressure chamber bore, said plate having an opening registering With said inlet pressure chamber bore through which :opening pressure fluid medium may be admitted from a suitable source of liuid pressure. Y

11. A fluid pressure operated engine comprising an engine block having an axial inlet tluid pressure chamber .extendilrlg for the major portion of the length thereof;

21 a plurality of cylinder bores disposed radially of the axis of said block in the circumferential portion thereof, each of said boresforming va composite cylinder member formed of Yseparatecylinder units in `end to end relation provided with a separating wall between each of said cylinder units, and each of said cylinders being provided with inlet pressure means in' its central portion longitudinally considered and each communicating with said inlet fluid pressure chamber bore, and exhaust means communicating with the atmosphere located on each side of the radial plane through said inlet means in each cylinder in providing a composite multiple engine cylinder member; a composite piston member reciprocably mounted in each of said cylinder bores formed of piston units in end to end relation, each of which units is disposed in one of said cylinder units, each of said piston units having inlet-exhaust ports periodicallyk registrable with the inlet means of each of said cylinder units, said ports being disposed between the ends of said piston units, which ports have longitudinal passageways leading to that end of the piston unit most remote from the respective `said port, and each of said composite pistons having a piston extension; a first end plate iixedly mounted on one end of the engine block closing one end of each of said cylinder bores, said plate having openings in said plate registering with and each slidably receiving the extension of the respective said pistons; a second plate xedly mounted on the respective extensions of said composite pistons, said plate functioning to unite the reciprocation of said composite pistons; and a third plate iixedly mounted on the opposite end of said engine block and closing the cylinder bores and the axial inlet pressure chamber bore, said plate having an opening registering with said inlet pressure chamber through which opening pressure fluid medium may be admitted from a suitable source of iiuid pressure. v Y

l2. A iiuid pressure operated engine comprising a cylinder having a cylinder borerand a uid pressure inletY passageway tangentially communicating with said bore; a piston reciprocably and rotatably mounted in said bore, which piston has turbine-like pockets circumferentially disposed in a circle Iabout said piston, the plane of which circle is normal to the axis of the piston and inlet-exhaust ports in said turbine-like pockets, passageways connecting said ports with that end of thepiston most remote thereto, and weight means transversely disposedV genees of which circle is normal to the axis of the piston, inlet- Y exhaust ports in said turbine-like pockets and passageways connecting said ports with that end of the piston most remote thereto; a piston shaft on which said piston is mounted and guided said shaft having portions thereof disposed in said shaft mounting recesses; and weight means transversely disposed across a .narrow portion of Y thereto; Aand weight means transversely disposed across a t Va piston which 1s characterized by having two motionspiston, the plane of which circle is normal to the axis of said piston, inlet-exhaust ports in said turbine-like pockets and Ypassageways yconnectingl said ports with that end of the piston most remote thereto; a piston shaft onrwhich said piston is ixedly mounted and'guided in'ax'ial and'in rotary movement said shaft having portions thereof disposed in said shaft mounting recesses; and weight meansY jinV said bore, which piston has turbine-like pockets vcircumferentially disposed in a circle about said piston, the plane of which circle is normal to the axis of the piston, inlet-exhaust ports in said turbine-like pockets, and pasisageways connecting said ports with that end of the piston most remote thereto, said piston having a centrally (longitudinally considered) located air seal and -a bearing on each side of saidseal; a piston shaft on which said piston is slidably and revolvably mounted; and weight means transversely disposed across a narrow portion of the circumferential portion of said piston in providing an unbalanced piston and in providing a piston which is charaoterized by having two motionsone rectilinear and one rotary. n

16; A fluid pressure operated engine comprising a cylinder having end plates, a cylinder bore and fluid pressure inlet passageways tangentially communicating with said bore, each of lsaid end plates having a piston mounting stub shaft; a piston reciprocably and .rotatably mounted in said bore, which'piston has turbine-like pockets circumferentially disposedin a circle about said piston, said pockets being disposed in a plane at right angles to 'the axis of the piston, inlet-exhaust ports in said turbine-like pockets, and passageways connecting saidv ports with that end ofthe piston most remote thereto, said piston having a centrally (longitudinally considered) located air seal wall and a shai't mounting recess on each side of ,said seal wall; a piston shaft on which said piston is revolvably mounted, and weight means transversely disposed across a narrow portion of the circumferential-portion of said piston in providing'an unbalanced piston and in providing a piston which is characterized by having two motions one rectilinear androne rotary.

17 .A fluid pressure operated engine comprising a cylinderhaving a cylinder bore, a plurality of fluid pressure inlet passageways tangentially communicating with said bore and disposed in a circle normal to the axis ofsaid bore, and 'exhaust passageways leading from said bore located in said circle and between said inlet passageways; a piston reciprocably and rotatably mounted in said bore, which piston has turbine-line pockets circumferentially disposed in a circle about said piston, the plane of which circle is normal to the axis of the piston and inlet-exhaust ports in said turbine-like pockets, and passageways connecting said ports with that end of the piston most remote narrow portion of the circumferential portion of said piston in providing an unbalanced piston and kin providing one rectilinear and one rotary. Y

v 18. In a fluid pressure operated engine, a reciprocating piston formed of a cylindrical piston unit having an axially disposed opening therethrough and a piston shaft passing through said opening and fixed to said piston unit in providing a piston unit which may be assembled with like cylindrical piston units having a piston shaft in common forming a composite piston member, said engine further having cylinder means and head closure members in which opening in said dividing-separating wall closure members.

20. In a fluid pressure engine the combination comprising an engine cylinder; end closure members for said Icylinder having raised faces inwardly directed; a piston unit of cylindrical form disposed in said cylinder having recessed end faces registrable with said raised faces in effectively reducing the length of the solid axial portion of said piston.

21. A fluid pressure operated engine comprising a cylinder having a cylinder bore, a plurality of -uid pressure inlet passages tangentially communicating with said bore and disposed in a circle normal to the axis of said bore, a piston reciprocably and rotatably mounted in said bore, which piston has turbine-like pockets circumferentially disposed in a circle about said piston, the plane of said circle being normal to the axis of the piston, inlet-exhaust ports in said turbinelike pockets, passageways communi eating said ports with that end of the piston most remote thereto, and weight means disposed adjacent a circum- -ferential portion of said piston in providing an unbalanced piston and in providing a piston which is characterized by having both rectilinear and vrotary motion.

22. In a iiuid pressure operated engine, a reciprocating piston formed of a cylindrical piston unit having an axially disposed opening therethrough and axially concentric recess in each end face; a filler member removably disposable within said recesses for operating as a single piston member and in providing a piston unit which may be assembled with like cylindrical piston units having a piston shaft in common forming a composite piston member; and a plurality of inlet-exhaust ports in each said piston unit disposed in spaced relation between the ends of said piston unit and longitudinal lpassageways within said piston unit extending from each of said inlet-exhaust ports to that end of the piston unit most remote thereto.

23. In a uid pressure operated engine, a reciprocating piston developing compound rectilinear and rotary mw 24 tion, said piston having circumferentially disclosed turbine-like pockets with inlet-exhaust ports communicating said pockets with the piston end most remote therefrom, off-center weight means,y unbalancingy said piston, and means delivering fluid under pressure tangentially against said turbine-like pockets to generate both rectilinear and rotary motion of said piston.

24. An engine according to claim 23, wherein such Vpiston has the pressure faces thereof multiplied, each such pressure face cyclically communicating with a common source of inlet uid pressure medium, and each such pressure face cyclically exhausting said fluid medium from .each pressure face to atmosphere.

25. In a valveless high speed fluid pressure operated high power automatic reciprocating engine, the combination of a composite valveless high speed reciprocated piston assembly for a plurality of ganged pistons each having opposed faces, one set of such faces facing in'one direction of reciprocation and the other set of faces facing in the other directionsof reciprocation; a cylinder compartment forming wall; and means synchronously cyclically and automatically delivering uid medium rst to one set of such faces and then to the other set of suchfaces at high speed.

26. In a-valveless high speed fluid pressure operated high power automatic reciprocating engine, the combination of a composite valveless high speed reciprocated piston assembly for a plurality of ganged pistons each having opposed faces, one set of such faces facing in one direction of reciprocation and the other set of faces facing in the other direction of reciprccation; a cylinder compartment forming wall; a composite cylinder formed of a plurality of individually complete cylinder units each of which units isformed of matching duplicating parts with a dividing separating wail between said units formed of matching half parts and each unit having an inlet fluid pressure means and exhaust means disposed in spaced relation on each side of said inlet. pressure means; and end Walls for said composite cylinder.

References Cited in the tile of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 906,240 

